Greek Fashion for Attending a Play

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Dice griechische Kleidung - von der Sandale bis zur Kopfbedeckung

To 1 commending an orator for his skill in amplifying petty matters, Agesilaus said, "I do not think that shoemaker a adept workman that makes a bang-up shoe for a piddling human foot." Plutarch

Footwear of Aboriginal Greeks

A shoemaker with an arbelos cut leather for shoes. The Greek discussion: o (a)/rbhlos [the arbelos; of masc. gender] ways the knife of the shoemaker (h is used for the symbol eta) . From the same stem arb- we accept too: h (a)rbu/lh [of fem. Gender] : a kind of shoes (half-kick; like soldier's one-half-boot). This word survives in modern Greek but in its Doric form, that is, with the ending alpha (a) instead of eta (h) : h (a)rbu/la Antreas P. Hatzipolakis

See: http://world wide web.vannacalzature.it/Storia_inglese/greci_inglese.htm

Askerai, Attic footwear Ἀσκέραι: ὑποδήματα Ἀττικά. . A winter shoe with fur lining

Cothurnus a leather boot with high soles to give them extra height (theater, actors). According to Webster from "the first certain moving picture of tragedy [on] an Attic oenoche painted most 470 BC," we tin conclude that male characters in tragedy were distinguished from females by wearing "laced boots instead of loose-fitting boots". Webster, T.B.L., Greek Theatre Production. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1970 p.38

Embades - an enclosed boot; from embainein ( to step into )

Karbatinai, shoes of undressed hide, brogues, made of a single piece of oxhide, and so that sole and upper leather were all in i, and tied on with thongs. These shoes were and then simple that they could be made easily, so we find the Greek in the Anabasis resorting to them in an emergency. (White and Morgan, illustrated dictionary of Xenophon'southward Anabasis)

Krepis, Κρηπίς , Foundation, or a kind of shoe; a base of operations , that which holds the feet (θεμέλιος, ἢ εἶδος ὑποδήματος: ὑποβάθρα. ἡ τοὺς πόδας κρατοῦσα.)

Talaria (Winged Sandals of Hermes)

Construction of shoes for a young Greek boy.

Shoe Store, Boston Museum of Fine Arts

xample of footwear (here of Artemis) with complex ornament from a Pergamum sculpture.

Shoes (c. 400 BC) and Nike shoes today (Images from http://www.kzu.ch/fach/every bit/gallerie/rare/shoes/shoe.htm) The Nike shoes symbol "The Nike Swoosh" according to various sources is a representation of a wing (probably of the Nike of Samothrace)

Artemis Rospigliosi Louvre Ma559 (Roman Copy of Greek Original)

Perseus - Image of Hermes Shoes with Wings! (Website sometimes offline)

Nike (Victory) Adjusting Her Sandal, fragment of the parapet (Kallikrates. Temple of Athenea Nike, Acropolis, Athens c. 425 BC)

Co-ordinate to Aelian, Philetas of Kos (built-in c. 340 BC, a poet) was so thin that he had to wear weights on his shoes to stop himself diddled away by the current of air.

Empedocles used to wear bronze sandals, one of these according to a legend was found at the Aetna mount where information technology was reported that he leapt down into the vulcano crater.

Young Spartans did not use shoes and slaves usually were not allowed. There must exist different blazon of shoes as Laoconian, Cretan, Milesian and Athenian shoes are mentioned or types introduces by some such as the shoes of Alcibiades, even today footling seems to be known how they all looked.

Katherine Ely Dohan, Hypodemata: The study of Greek footwear and its chronological value, Bryn Mawr Dissertations 1982

Hairstyle

Barber cutting hair

Helen of Troy

Click image to overstate

Lycurgus the Lacedaemonian brought long hair into fashion amongst his countrymen, saying that it rendered those that were handsome more cute, and those that were plain-featured more than terrible. Plutarch, Apophthegms of Kings and Great Commanders.

1500 - 650 BC Greek women had generally long curly hair.

500 - 300 BC hair joined together to a knot at the neck (the Greek knot)

I see some women dye their hair blonde by using saffron. They are even ashamed of their country, sorry that they were not born in Germany or in Gaul! Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens T., c.150-230 AD) THE APPAREL OF WOMEN . With respect to the colour of the hair, black was the almost frequent, but blonde xanthi kome was the most prized. In Homer, Achilles, Ulysses, and other heroes are represented with blonde hair (Il. i.197, Od. xiii.399, &c.). At a afterward fourth dimension it seems to accept been non unfrequent to dye hair, and then as to make it either black or blonde, and this was done by men also as women, particularly when the pilus was growing gray (Pollux, two.35; Aelian, V.H. 7.twenty; Athen. xii p542d; Lucian, Amor. 40). William Smith

Hellenistic Mirror BM 3211

300 - 150 BC Pilus color changed (lighten) using saffron (a method used for some centuries)

A little girl wears her pilus pulled back in a lobed, braided hairstyle called a melon crew

A hairstyle around 50-25 BC with Cleopatra as a model (Cleopatra)

i^st Century Advertizement Run into: Paul and Corinthian Women'due south Hairstyles

Case Pottery Images: Artemis , Athena , Aphrodite , Cassandra , Demeter , Helen , Hera ,Medea , Nike , Sappho

Instance Aphrodite (Bartlett Head) Late Classical or Early Hellenistic Catamenia about 330–300 BC : Front , Left , Back , Right

Example of Statues: 460 BC Poseidon or Zeus from Artemision , Apollo in the Olympia Zeus Temple

In Euripides' play, Orestes assumes that Electra is a slave when he sees her approaching because of her cropped head and, presumably, her poor dress. She too talks about self-mutilation ('violent my own throat with my nails and striking my shorn head with my hand'). When the Choruswomen enter to invite her to the temple of Hera, Electra points out that she can't go because she simply has nothing decent to wear, and, moreover, her pilus needs washing. (Complex Electra)

Ampyx, (a kind of jewelry) chosen by the Romans frontale, was a broad band or plate of metal, which Greek ladies of rank wore upon the forehead as part of the head-dress (Ilias. Book 22. 468 to 470; Aeschyl. Supp. 431; Theocr. i.33). Hence information technology is attributed to the female divinities. Artemis wears a frontal of golden hryseian ampyka, Eurip. Hec. 464); and the epithet hrysampykes is applied by Homer, Hesiod, and Pindar to the Muses, the Hours (Horae), and the Fates (Moirae). From the expression kuanampuyka in a fragment of Pindar, we may infer that this ornamentation was sometimes made of bluish steel instead of gold; and the Scholiast on the above cited passage of Euripides asserts, that it was sometimes enriched with precious stones. The frontal of a equus caballus was called by the aforementioned proper name, and was occasionally made of similar rich materials. Hence, in the Iliad, the horses which draw the chariots of Hera and of Ares are called hrysampykes. ...Frontals were also worn by elephants (Liv. xxxviii.40). Hesychius supposes the men to accept worn frontals in Lydia. They appear to have been worn by the Jews and other nations of the East (Deut. vi.8, 11.18). William Smith

Anastole, Hairstyle of Alexander the Great, in which the pilus is brushed up from the brow, arranged wreath-similar around the face.

CALAMISTRUM, an instrument made of fe, and hollow similar a reed (calamus), used for curling the hair. For this purpose information technology was heated, the person who performed the office of heating it in wood-ashes (cinis) being called ciniflo, or cinerarius (Hor. Sabbatum. i.2.98; Heindorf, advertizing loc.). This employ of heated irons was adopted very early among the Romans (Plaut. Asin. 3.iii.37), and became every bit common amid them equally it has been in modernistic times (Virg. Aen. xii.100). In the age of Cicero, who frequently alludes to it, the Roman youths, besides equally the matrons, often appeared with their hair curled in this way (calamistrati). We see the result in many antique statues and busts. William Smith

Persephone with a Sakkos

Sakkos a hairnet worn by women http://world wide web.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?lookup=1992.06.0966 The sakkoi and the mitra were, on the contrary, fabricated of close materials. The sakkoi covered the head entirely like a sack or purse; it was fabricated of various materials, such as silk, byssus, and wool (comp. Aristoph. Thesm. 257). Sometimes, at to the lowest degree amid the Romans, a bladder was used to reply the same purpose (Mart. viii.33.19). The mitra was a broad band of rich cloth of dissimilar colours, which was wound round the pilus, and was worn in diverse ways. It was originally an Eastern head-dress, and may, therefore, be compared to the modern turban. Information technology is sometimes spoken of as feature of the Phrygians (Herod. i.195, vii.62; Virg. Aen. ix.616, 617; Juv. 3.66). Information technology was, however, too worn by the Greeks, and Polygnotus is said to take been the first who painted Greek women with mitrae (Plin. H.Due north. xxxv.nine s35). William Smith

Fillet a narrow piece of material which was worn around the head, for decorative effect. ( Gossman/Lewis Greek Fashion Terms)

Krobulos, a way of arranging the hair, a sort of topknot or crest formed by drawing all the hair to the crown and there confining it in a knot. This was onetime-fashioned for men in the fourth dimension of Xenophon, but the hair was nevertheless worn so by children.

Tiara: crown similar headdress of jewels

Coin of Perseus of Macedon, Perseus wearing a "taenia", tainia or diadema, used equally a symbol for kings

Taenia http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?lookup=1992.06.0966

Polos http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?lookup=1992.05.0146

Sphendone http://world wide web.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/paradigm?lookup=1992.06.0967 On vases, however, we most frequently find the heads of females covered with a kind of band or a coif of internet-work. Of these coiffures i was called sfendonh, which was a wide band across the forehead, sometimes made of metallic, and sometimes of leather, adorned with golden William Smith

Exaltation fleur Louvre Ma701, Kekryphylon

Kekryphylon http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/epitome?lookup=1992.06.0969 Information technology was worn during the day as well every bit the night, and has continued in use from the most aboriginal times to the present twenty-four hour period. Information technology is mentioned by Homer (Il. xxii.469), and is still worn in Italy and Spain. These hair-nets were oft made of aureate-threads (Juv. ii.96; Petron. 67), sometimes of silk (Salmas. Exerc. ad Solin. p392), or the Elean byssus (Paus. vii.21 §7), and probably of other materials, which are not mentioned by ancient writers. The persons who made these nets were chosen kekrufaloplokoi (Pollux, vii.179). William Smith

Hairnet http://world wide web.getty.edu/art/collections/objects/o24204.html

Stephanos, from stefo (put effectually), circlet, crown, beads, garland, of leaves, flowers, victory oak, olive, or wild celery wreath, or metal worn around the caput and used as a festive ornament at dinner, or bestowed as a advantage of merit. It was ane of the institutions of Lycurgus that the Spartans should go into battle wearing wreaths; and the priest that officiated at the altar in sacrifice always wore a chaplet. The use of stephanoi among the Greeks, on both private and public occasions, was very mutual.

See too Coma or Come up ( The hair of the head)

Hera in "pillbox" chapeau, as goddess of political authority

From SUDA

Boys earlier puberty in ancient Greece did not cut their hair short. Ἀκερσεκόμης: τὴν κόμην μὴ κειρόμενος. Not shearing the hair As an epithet of Phoebus (Homer, Iliad 20.39, the scholia to which are reflected hither), non cutting the hair would imply eternal youth.

Jenkins/Williams 1985. I. Jenkins, D. Williams. Sprang hair nets: Their manufacture and use in Aboriginal Greece, in: American Periodical of Archaeology 89 (1985). 411-418

white-ground tondo of kylix: dancing Maenad with leopard and thyrsus, hair tied back with a snake , Greek, attributed to Brygos, c. 490 BC

The Athenians were the showtime to lay aside their weapons, and to adopt an easier and more than luxurious mode of life; indeed, it is only lately that their rich old men left off the luxury of wearing undergarments of linen, and fastening a knot of their pilus with a tie of golden grasshoppers, a mode which spread to their Ionian kindred and long prevailed amidst the quondam men there. Thucydides, First Book - The Peloponnesian State of war

Remarks: Since the archaic times long pilus was a mark of the aristocrats.

koureion a anniversary (ritual of maturation) in which boyish boys cut their hair and enter into one of the groups the denizen were organized (phatriae), after this ceremony following the annual festival of the Apatouria the boys were considered old enough to start their armed services education as an ephebe.

William Smith :

In the primeval times the Greeks wore their pilus long,... This ancient exercise was preserved by the Spartans for many centuries. The Spartan boys always had their hair cut quite short ... but every bit soon equally they reached the age of puberty they let it grow long. They prided themselves upon their hair, calling it the cheapest of ornaments and earlier going to battle they combed and dressed information technology with especial intendance, in which act Leonidas and his followers were discovered by the Persian spy before the battle of Thermopylae. It seems that both Spartan men and women tied their pilus in a knot over the crown of the caput At a later time the Spartans abandoned this ancient custom, and wore their hair short...

The custom of the Athenians was unlike. They wore their hair long in childhood, and cut it off when they reached the age of puberty. The cutting off of the hair ("koureion" ceremony) , which was ever washed when a male child became an ephebe was a solemn human activity, attended with religious ceremonies. A libation was first offered to Hercules, which was called oinisthtria ; and the hair after being cut off was dedicated to some deity, usually a river-god (Aeschyl. Choëph. 6; Paus. i.37 §2). Information technology was a very aboriginal practice to repair to Delphi to perform this anniversary, and Theseus is said to take washed so (Plut. Thes. 5; Theophr. Char. 21). The ephebi are always represented on works of art with their hair quite short, in which fashion it was likewise worn past the Athletae (Lucian, Punch. Mer. 5). But when the Athenians passed into the age of manhood, they over again let their hair grow. In aboriginal times at Athens the hair was rolled upwards into a kind of knot on the crown of the head; and fastened with gilt clasps in the shape of grasshoppers. This manner of wearing the hair, which was called krobuloi, had gone out just before the time of Thucydides (i.six); and what succeeded it in the male sex nosotros do not know for certain.

Pilus Washing, The State Hermitage Museum, Saint petersburg, Russia

Melon head clothes, Chiaramonti Inv1464

Meet also Bristles (πώγων, γένειον, ὑπήνη)

HATS

Function of a work of Jean-Léon Gérôme showing Greek women wrapped in himatia wearing sun hats (Tanagra hats with a conical crown). A reconstruction from Tanagra figurines produced mainly betwixt 340-200 BC in Boeotia, a region north of Attica

Young boy BM C274

Macedonian boy BM 1906.x-19.one

See Tanagra Terracotta figures

Alopeke (αλωπεκή ) a play a trick on-skin cap , example tin be seen on the Noth Frieze, XL block of the Parthenon, a horseman with a Thracian Alopeke

Calotte a close-plumbing equipment skull cap.

Coin showing the Greek-Bactrian King Apollodotus I wearing a kausia, with bead and reel border.

Kausia, a hat with a broad brim, which was made of felt and worn by the Macedonian kings. The Romans adopted it from the Macedonians (Plaut. Mil.Glor. 4.4.42, Pers.i.3.75; Antip. Thess. in Brunckii Anal. two.111), and more particularly the Emperor Caracalla, who used to imitate Alexander the Great in his costume. William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875.

Kyne Greek soldier'due south leather helmet

Petasos a large brimmed hat with a thin strap it could be worn hanging down the back (See likewise paradigm below). The petasos is the starting time real chapeau invented by Greeks.

Meniskos (Μηνίσκος)(See the paradigm of the Peplos Kore at the top of this folio)

Pilos Come across Epitome Left: A winged youth, wearing winged boots, a chitoniskos, and a taenia Right: a bearded warrior, wearing chitoniskos and pilos (a helmet)

Phrygian Bonnet One of the virtually replicated styles of lid worn by the Greeks. This style has come back into fashion ofttimes. Information technology was shaped in a softly conical shape, rather like a stocking cap, with a peak falling forward and with side pieces hanging down. ( Gossman/Lewis Greek Way Terms). The Bonnet was worn by the insurgents during the French Revolution A modernistic version , As well the Smurfs use a Phrygian Bonnet

Tanagra straw hat with tall conical crown seen on statues

Tholia women's harbinger hat broad and flat with a peaked crown: high, pointed hat with a brim

Greek with a chlamys or chlamya, a petasos and of form no underwear.

COSMETICS and Perfumes/ Καλλωπισμός

Greek Woman 4^th century BC using probably rouge.. (Paestum)

Psimythion, (ψιμυθιον) (white atomic number 82 color) one of the oldest paint pigments (bones lead carbonate, a mixture of atomic number 82 carbonate and lead hydroxide, (PbCO₃)₂ Pb(OH)₂).

Phykos, (root juice), a blush/rouge spread out over cheeks to give a more lively look

Red Ochre ( Miltos ), In Xenophon's Oikonomikos (10.v) Iskhomakhos tells Sokrates about a conversation he had with his new married woman in which he dissuaded her from using cosmetics to brand herself more attractive. In lodge to convince her of his viewpoint, he asks her to imagine her reaction to his coming to bed anointed with red ochre (miltos) and wearing eye brand-upwards. She is suitably put off by the idea. Pat Hannah The Cosmetic Use of Red Ochre (Miltos)

Asbolos, (charcoal grit or soot), a black pigment that was used to dye eyebrows

Pyxis is a box-shaped pottery with a lid and used for ointments and cosmetics.

In the News

Ancient Romans slapped on face up cream

Perfumes

Co-ordinate to Pliny the Elderberry Cyprus was the earliest source of some of the well-nigh pop perfumes in the ancient world. Recently a perfume factory from 2000 BC was discovered. "Scientists have reconstituted 12 unlike perfumes from traces of scents found in dozens of dirt bottles at the site. So far they have extracted essences of laurel, cinnamon and myrtle - all likely to have been derived from local plants, and and then mixed with olive oil. The calibration of the site and the presence of huge 500-litre oil storage jars suggests it was the eye of a prosperous export business" Info and Source

Oinochoe-chous (jug) depicting women perfuming clothes

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